At my bedside the past several months have been two books,
Ghost Stories by Roald Dahl and
Myths of the Norsemen. Dahl's book is a collection he edited, not a collection of his own works, though his skill with the short story is put to good use here. Many of them are proper ghost stories set in an Irish or English country house; one fine tale, written by a Norwegian, is about a terror of the sea.
The Norse and Germanic myths also very often have the quality of a ghost tale. There is the story of the Wild Huntsman, Odin, god of the wind. He was said to ride the winds of a midwinter storm, gathering to him the souls of the dead. The sound of his hounds' baying was considered a presage of pestilence or war, though if one dealt piously with the hunt (known in England as the Herlathing), there might be rewards.
Such tales are perhaps not the most conventional of bedtime reading, but I consider them a fit accompaniment to the twilight of wake-sleep. Isn't it traditional to tell a ghost story after dark? I am sure that the myths were often told after dinner as the fire flickered down. I like them because twilight is a time of imagination, and my mind goes to rest more easily with the image of a huntsman crossing the night sky than with thoughts of checkbook balances and shopping lists.
As a Christian, these stories are a reminder to me both of what our ancestors knew, and of the deeper truths they came to receive. It is difficult in our scientific age to understand how such tales were heard by those who lived in a world where electricity did not crowd out the night stars and where silence could be both deep and long. When do we even know a single moment of true silence, let alone a whole terrifying, glorious night of it? Some of those who heard and repeated these tales may have truly believed that there was a great figure in the sky on an eight-foot horse; I doubt it was the general belief. That did not matter. "Can you reproduce it in a laboratory?" was not a concern of theirs. A howling January storm coming across the night sky was a wild hunt, and it still is, were we only as attuned to the spiritual realities of the created world as those in earlier ages. The shaking of the earth by Yahweh's finger or under the burden of its own decay is even more terrible, yet we know the Lord of Creation's holy name, and know the story of His Son who brought light into the world. I am naturally grateful that in time we heard the fulfillment of the lessons taught by creation and by human imagination, which were not untrue, just incomplete.
In the most recent issue of Touchstone, several authors reflect on what it means for us that a lion tears at live flesh or a micro-organism skillfully brings down a much more complex being, and wonder why we are so fascinated by such things. Denyse O'Leary describes the foundering of Intelligent Design arguments that do not take into consideration chaos, suffering and loss as well as purpose and glory. She writes, "...Stephen Jay Gould was merely being tendentious when he dismissed our deep-seated fears of monsters as commercial hype. As a paleontologist, he well knew that, before humans ever walked the earth, there were terrible beasts on land and sea- far more so than today. But his evolutionary-psychologist opponents are even more off the track. Any human who is gifted with the mere capacity to imagine fears the serpent's sudden fang and the ghost's spectral finger. That's simply what imagination is; it bodies forth the shape of things unknown. Imagination, not some complex surival calculus, is our true inheritance from our ancestors."
When pagan Europeans first embraced Christianity, we did not release our myths. We changed them subtly, adapting them to a Christian understanding of man and nature. Some of these Christian re-tellings are more horrible than the originals. Odin's ride, for instance, morphed into the Pied Piper of Hamelin (rats being a figure for the souls of the dead) and into an even more dreadful specter,
Bishop Hatto.
In our own day, we allow popular culture to supply our thrills and chills. I have heard it argued that the horror film is a quintessentially Christian genre, as with other speculative fiction (see link at left to the Sci-Fi Catholic). You have to search long and hard for a good horror film, however. I plan to continue remembering the old myths, collecting books of folk tales and fairy tales, and I'm not sorry I trusted Roald Dahl to sift through modern ghost stories for a few gems. We can long for the fulfillment of heaven, where all is light. But as long as we have real fears, giving them names is, as it always was, a way to tame the night.